Arabisms of the persians, the old bulgarian of russian literature, or the elevated. He has published on unnatural narratives, narrative rhetoric, fictionality, and literary and narrative theory in edited collections as well as in journals such as style, ejes, narrative, and storyworlds. His most recent monograph in danish is the uncanny narrative. Literary theory and schools of criticism introduction a very basic way of thinking about literary theory is that these ideas act as different lenses critics use to view and talk about art, literature, and even culture. Art makes language strange, as well as the world that the language presents. Defamiliarization in language and literature 1st edition. Shklovsky saw defamiliarization as accompanied by feeling. The term defamiliarization originates in literary theory and the work of the russian.
He argued that defamiliarization is, more or less, the point of all art. The notion that stylistic features of literary texts deautomatize perception is central to a tradition of literary theory from coleridge through shklovsky and mukarovsky to van peer. Formalism, innovative 20thcentury russian school of literary criticism. The structure of the blackwell guide to literary theory the blackwell guide to literary theory was designed to help students, teachers, and general readers become familiar with literary theory, its history and many manifestations, from a number of different perspectives. It resonates in literary theory with longstanding debates about the relationship between aesthetics or poetics and history, and undergirds the whitean emphasis on literary form invoked. Readers were shocked to discover that the protagonist and principal narrator of kholstomer was an old horse. Literary criticism is the practice of interpreting and writing about literature as the latter,in turn, strives to make sense of the world. Literary theory and schools of criticism introduction. Russian formalism quick reference a school of literary theory and analysis that emerged in russia around 1915, devoting itself to the study of literariness, i. Russian literary language, which was originally foreign to russia, has so. Defamiliarization and laying bare literary devices russian formalism challenged the traditional idea of critical literary analysis that art should conceal its literary devices. By nasrullah mambrol on march 17, 2016 3 the russian formalists concept of defamiliarization, proposed by viktor shklovsky in his art as technique, refers to the literary device whereby language is used in such a way that ordinary and familiar objects are made to look different.
The art of defamiliarization critical approaches to. A theory crossover introduction 1 analysis of narrative fictions capacity to induce immersion and defamiliarization has a long history in the fields of literary and aesthetic theory. Stylistic variations, known as foregrounding, hypothetically prompt defamiliarization, evoke feelings, and prolong reading time. Defamiliarization is a literary technique in which the process of writing is itself focused on more than any particular plotline. The terms literary theory and critical theory refer to essentially the same fields of study. This technique involves exploring the differences between. The study includes a comparison between literary and non literary language. He is one of the major figures associated with russian formalism. Russian scholar from a movement and a school of literary theory and analysis called.
The routledge dictionary of literary terms the routledge dictionary of literary termsis a twentyfirst century update of roger fowlers seminal dictionary of modern critical terms. In reaction against the vagueness of previous literary theories, it attempted a scientific description of literature especially poetry as a special use of language with observable. The study includes a comparison between literary and nonliterary language. Basil lvov, the twists and turns of defamiliarization. Defamiliarization in language and literature 1st edition by robert h.
Defamiliarization of that which is or has become familiar or taken for granted, hence automatically perceived, is. The lamentation of values lost, a critique of theory. John kenny, centre for the study of human settlement and historical change, national university of ireland, galway a readers guide to contemporary literary theory fifth edition selden, widdowson, brooker cover image. I will, however, attempt to tie the formal observations to thematic concerns. He begins by distinguishing russian formalism from hermeneutics. Mar 17, 2016 defamiliarization by nasrullah mambrol on march 17, 2016 4 the russian formalists concept of defamiliarization, proposed by viktor shklovsky in his art as technique, refers to the literary device whereby language is used in such a way that ordinary and familiar objects are made to look different. The literary work as stranger the disrupting ethics of. Opoyaz, an acronym for russian words meaning society for the study of poetic language, founded in 1916 at st. How i tricked my brain to like doing hard things dopamine detox duration. The notion that stylistic features of literary texts deautomatize perception is central to a tradition of literary theory from coleridge through shklovsky and mukaiovslj to van peer. And with defamiliarization come both the slowing down and the increased difficulty. Defamiliarization definition, a theory and technique, originating in the early 20th century, in which an artistic or literary work presents familiar objects or situations in an unfamiliar way, prolonging the perceptive process and allowing for a fresh perspective. Mistakes and flaws in several software tools are shown to be the starting points for increased creativity and better art, and a theory explaining the phenomenon is proposed. The formalist school of thought refused to naturalize text by attributing it to the state of mind of the author, but instead it focused its critical writing on the novel.
This quiz and worksheet combo will assess your understanding of the literary technique of defamiliarization. What shklovskij wants to show is that the operation of defamiliarization and its consequent perception in the literary system is like the winding of a watch the introduction of energy into a physical system. This guide is as stimulating and instructive an introduction to literary theory as any reader might wish for. Unnatural narratology and the early works of johannes v.
Defamiliarization by nasrullah mambrol on march 17, 2016 4. Petersburg later leningrad and led by viktor shklovsky. He wants english majors and graduate students to focus on studying literature, not theory. Defamiliarization in the history of literary criticism.
Based on a dictionary of modern critical terms, edited by roger fowler. Defamiliarization or ostranenie is the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar. Bringing together original entries written by such celebrated theorists as terry eagleton and malcolm bradbury. Immersion and defamiliarization poetics today duke. Engl 300 lecture 7 russian formalism open yale courses. Taking the principle of automatization into account, viktor shklovsky, a. How i tricked my brain to like doing hard things dopamine detox. Pdf permanent defamiliarization as rhetorical device or. Doc defamiliarization in literature mohammadreza tozideh. These possibilities were tested in four studies in which. Pdf the presentation explicates the school of theory and analysis which emerged around 1915 in russia and aimed teo create the science of literature. Shklovskys defamiliarization can also be compared to jacques derridas concept of differance. In literary criticism, formalism refers to a style of inquiry that focuses, almostexclusively, on features of the literary text itself, to the exclusion of biographical,historical, or intellectual contexts.
Traditionally, immersion and defamiliarization have been seen as describing opposing phenomena. Eikhenbaums dependency on core ideas of marxist and darwinian philosophies of struggle and evolution is explained. Other articles where defamiliarization is discussed. Victor shklovsky, art as technique born in 1893, victor shklovsky was a leading figure in the school of literary and linguistic theory known as russian formalism, which flourished at the time of the russian revolution. The art of defamiliarization one of the concepts of formalism is defamiliarization, which victor shklovsky argues makes objects, unfamiliar to make forms difficult to increase the difficulty and length of perception because the process of perception is an aesthetic end in itself and must be prolonged 16.
Michael groden, martin kreiswirth, and imre szeman. Russian formalism is the name for a group of literary scholars and linguists who between 1916 and 1929, while most were still in their twenties, developed a series of innovative theoretical concepts, claims, models, and methodological norms concerning various aspects of the literary system and its study. Min tian, the poetics of difference and displacement. Defamiliarization project gutenberg selfpublishing.
The routledge dictionary of literary terms edited by peter childs and roger fowler. Defamiliarization of that which is or has become familiar or taken for granted, hence automatically perceived, is the basic function of all devices. Application of the concept of defamiliarization in. Immersion and defamiliarization edinburgh research explorer. The concept has influenced 20thcentury art and theory, ranging over movements including dada. To pass the quiz, youll need to know the definition and. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Twentiethcentury chinesewestern intercultural theatre. The russian formalists concept of defamiliarization, proposed by viktor shklovsky in his art as technique, refers to the literary device whereby language is used in such a way that ordinary and familiar objects are made to look different. Defamiliarization or ostranenie is the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common. English literature, literary theory, linguistics, film theory, media. Imagine that president wefald has called for the elimination of engl 795 literary criticism from kstates curriculum.
Flash fiction, defamiliarization and cultural criticism. The article highlights cognitive factors which ensure the creation of defamiliarization and defeated expectancy in the literary texts. A central concept in 20thcentury art and theory, ranging over movements including dada, postmodernism, epic theatre, and science fiction, it is also used as a tactic by recent movements such as. The distinctive effect achieved by literary works in disrupting our habitual perception of.
Petersburg, where shklovsky was the leader of the opayaz group. A readers guide to contemporary literary theory 5th edition. The distinctive effect achieved by literary works in disrupting our habitual perception of the world, enabling us to see things. These different lenses allow critics to consider works of art based on certain assumptions within that school of theory. Stefan iversen is associate professor at aarhus university. Most theoretical treatments of the two concepts give privilege and normative impetus to one type of response or related type of text. Each section offers the student a different kind of research tool.
A school of literary theory and analysis that emerged in russia around 1915, devoting itself to the study of literariness, i. Immersion has been conceived of as transparently directing attention toward what marielaure ryan referred to as the languageindependent reality presented by a fictional text, while uri margolin has conceived of defamiliarization as directing the readers attention to the artificial nature. Defamiliarization as rhetorical device the main impact of shklovskys theory of prose has been on. The word defamiliarization was coined by the early 20thcentury russian literary critic viktor shklovsky in his essay art as technique. A term used by the russian formalist viktor shklovsky to describe the capacity of art to counter the deadening effect of habit and convention by investing the familiar with strangeness and thereby deautomatizing perception. Art as technique 1917 viktor shklovsky art is thinking in images. Defamiliarization theory exerts influences over different art levels like literature, drama. Defamiliarization defamiliarization of that which is or has become familiar automatically perceived is the basic use of literary language. Stylistic foregrounding universitas negeri yogyakarta.
One form of creativity uses defamiliarization, a mechanism that frees the brain from its rational shackles and permits the abducing brain to run free. He is one of the major figures associated with russian formalism viktor shklovskys theory of prose was published in 1925. Defamiliarization definition of defamiliarization at. Some little while after revising the second edition in 1989, raman prematurely and tragically died of a brain tumour. They both address ways of looking at literature beyond the typical plotthemecharactersetting studies. By nasrullah mambrol on april 25, 2017 0 modern narrative theory begins with russian formalism in the 1920s, specifically with the work of roman jakobson, yury tynyanov, and viktor shklovsky. Art and literature have the ability to make us see the world anew to make that which has become familiar, because we have been overexposed to it, strange again. Russian formalism the johns hopkins guide to literary. Critical approaches to technology design are of both practical and social. A term used by the russian formalist viktor shklovsky to describe the capacity of art to counter the deadening effect of habit and convention by investing the familiar with. Tynyanov combined his skills as a historical novelist with formalism to produce, with jakobson, theses on language 1928. His proposal has some support among students and even a few professors. The johns hopkins guide to literary theory and criticism. Russian formalism is the name for a group of literary scholars and linguists who between 1916 and.